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Transport in Uzbekistan: Trains, Taxis and Flights

Getting around Uzbekistan is easier than it looks. A high-speed Spanish train links the main Silk Road cities, night trains carry you to desert-edge Khiva, and a taxi across town costs about as much as a cup of coffee. This guide explains how to travel between Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva — fast, cheap and stress-free.

A Kvazar guide · Updated 2026 · ~9 min read

Transport is what turns scattered cities into a single route, and in Uzbekistan it works surprisingly well. The country's main axis — Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara — is connected by a modern railway, and it's the train, not the plane or the car, that's the best choice for a tourist. Longer, less "beaten" directions like Khiva are covered by night trains and domestic aviation. And within cities, everything comes down to a taxi via an app. Let's go through each option and suggest what to choose on the classic route.

In short: the best way to travel between the main cities is the high-speed Afrosiyob train (built by Talgo, up to 210 km/h): Tashkent–Samarkand in ~2 hours, Samarkand–Bukhara another ~1 hour 20 minutes, with economy/business/VIP classes and a ticket of roughly $10–20. For Khiva, a night train or a domestic flight is more convenient. Within cities — taxis via apps (Yandex Go and similar) at a fixed price, $1–3 per ride, plus the Tashkent metro. It's best to buy train tickets in advance online (railway.uz or the app) — the Afrosiyob sells out in season.

What's the best way to get around Uzbekistan?

For the classic Tashkent–Samarkand–Bukhara route, the best choice is the high-speed Afrosiyob train: it's fast, comfortable and inexpensive. For Khiva, which sits off to the side by the desert, a night train or a short domestic flight is more convenient. Within cities, people get around by taxi via apps. Hiring a car with a driver makes sense for flexible routes and small towns; self-driving usually isn't needed by a tourist.

The main principle: the country's trunk line is "strung" along the railway, and the train almost always beats the car on time, comfort and price predictability. The plane is needed mainly for the far "corner" — Khiva and Nukus. And taxi apps remove the one typical headache — bargaining with drivers.

What is the Afrosiyob train?

Afrosiyob is Uzbekistan's fastest train, built by the Spanish company Talgo and reaching up to 210 km/h. It runs daily on the Tashkent–Samarkand–Bukhara and Tashkent–Samarkand–Karshi routes. Travel times: Tashkent–Samarkand about 2 hours, Samarkand–Bukhara about 1 hour 20 minutes. The train has carriages of three classes — economy, business and VIP — with comfortable seats and a dining car.

A ride on the Afrosiyob is itself a pleasant part of the journey: a quiet modern cabin, steppe and cotton fields drifting past the window, tea from the dining car. Check-in for the train closes 30 minutes before departure, so arrive at the station early and bring your passport — it's checked at boarding. Besides the Afrosiyob, slower and cheaper Sharq trains and ordinary services run around the country — they help out when the high-speed train is sold out.

Two hours instead of a whole day. Before high-speed service launched, the trip from Tashkent to Samarkand took most of a day. Today the Afrosiyob covers it in about two hours — which is exactly why the train is almost always preferable to the car on the main route.

How do you buy train tickets?

Tickets are sold online on the official railway website (railway.uz) and in the mobile app, as well as at station ticket offices. The Afrosiyob sells out days and weeks ahead in high season, so it's best to book early. Travel agencies offer purchase with ticket delivery to your hotel — convenient, but more expensive than buying directly.

Practical tip: as soon as you've settled on your travel dates, buy the high-speed train tickets right away — this is the most "scarce" link of the whole route. Boarding requires a passport, whose details are entered on the ticket. If the Afrosiyob is sold out for your date, look at the Sharq or an ordinary train — they take longer, but are almost always available and cost less.

How do you get to Khiva?

Khiva is in the west of the country, off the main line, so it takes the longest to reach. The most convenient options are a night train (for example, from Tashkent or Bukhara to Urgench or Khiva, where you can sleep along the way) or a domestic flight to Urgench with a short transfer to Khiva. A daytime drive from Bukhara across the desert is also possible, but takes several hours.

The logic is simple: the distance to Khiva eats up half a day in any case, so the night train saves both time and the cost of one night's stay — you go to sleep in one city and wake up at the gates of another. A flight suits those who value time over money. This stretch is worth planning in advance, because it sets the rhythm of the whole four-city route.

Do you need domestic flights?

For most tourists — no, except for the long directions. The domestic airline links Tashkent with Urgench (the gateway to Khiva), Nukus, Bukhara and other cities. A flight saves time on the long "legs" — above all to Khiva and Nukus in Karakalpakstan — but on the main Tashkent–Samarkand–Bukhara route the train is more convenient and, factoring in airports, comparable in total time.

A plane makes sense if you have few days and want to catch the far west of the country — Khiva and the Savitsky Museum in Nukus — without long transfers. Otherwise the railway spares you the airport procedures and drops you right in the city. Domestic flight tickets are also worth buying in advance.

In Uzbekistan the train isn't just a way to get there: it's part of the route, where the Silk Road itself slides past the window.

How do you use taxis in the cities?

Within cities, the easiest way is to order a taxi via apps (Yandex Go and local equivalents): they show a fixed price in advance, track the ride and remove the bargaining. A ride across town costs roughly $1–3. You can also flag down cars off the street — in Uzbekistan many people give lifts for a fee — but you'll have to agree the price in advance, and for a tourist that's less predictable.

The practical rule: use the apps. They turn what could be an awkward negotiation into a clear, cheap service, and a non-Russian-speaking traveler avoids the language barrier at the start of the ride. Flagging cars off the street is fine for locals but adds uncertainty for a visitor, especially alone or at night.

Is there a metro in Tashkent?

Yes. The Tashkent metro is the oldest in Central Asia, opened in 1977, and its stations are considered some of the most beautiful in the world: marble, mosaics, chandeliers, themed designs. A ride costs a symbolic amount, and the metro is fast and convenient for getting around the capital. Many tourists ride it simply to see the stations.

Besides the metro, Tashkent has buses and minibuses, but for a visitor the metro is the most straightforward option: it doesn't sit in traffic and connects the main districts. And the stations are worth including in your cultural program alongside the museums — they're a full-fledged sight of Soviet monumental design.

Frequently asked questions about transport in Uzbekistan

How do you get from Tashkent to Samarkand?

The best way is the high-speed Afrosiyob train: travel time about 2 hours, ticket roughly $10–20. There are also slower, cheaper Sharq trains and ordinary services. It's best to buy tickets in advance online.

How long is the train from Samarkand to Bukhara?

On the Afrosiyob, about 1 hour 20 minutes. The train links Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara into a single line, which makes the classic route very convenient.

How do you get to Khiva?

Most conveniently by night train (to Urgench or Khiva) or a domestic flight to Urgench with a short transfer. Khiva is off the main line, so the trip takes longer.

Where do you buy train tickets?

Online on the official railway.uz website, in the mobile app, or at station ticket offices. The Afrosiyob sells out ahead in season — book early. A passport is required for boarding.

How do you use taxis?

Via apps (Yandex Go and equivalents) with a fixed price and trip tracking — that's $1–3 across town and no bargaining. Flagging cars off the street is less predictable in price.

Should you rent a car and drive yourself?

Most tourists don't need to: trains and taxis cover all needs. For flexible routes it's more convenient to hire a car with a driver than to drive yourself.

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